Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Pathophysiology Mellitus Pathophysiology T2dm Alhassan Universiti Sokoto Pharmaceutical Chemistry Sarian Murni Danfodiyo Usmanu

When it comes to diabetes mellitus type 2, we must understand the pathophysiology behind it to combat this disease. This disease is associated with higher blood glucose levels, which can lead to numerous complications if not managed properly. Let's take a closer look at the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 2 and what we can do to manage this disease.

Insulin Resistance and Beta-cell Dysfunction

Insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction are the two main pathophysiological factors contributing to diabetes mellitus type 2. Insulin resistance happens when our body's cells become resistant to insulin, which is responsible for regulating glucose levels in our blood. Beta-cell dysfunction happens when our pancreas is not able to produce enough insulin to compensate for insulin resistance.

This combination leads to higher glucose levels in our blood, which results in a condition called hyperglycemia. If hyperglycemia is not managed properly, it can lead to various complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy. This is why it is crucial to manage diabetes mellitus type 2 through a healthy lifestyle along with medication.

Healthy Lifestyle

A healthy lifestyle is the cornerstone of managing diabetes mellitus type 2. This includes a well-balanced diet, exercise, and stress management. A diet that is low in carbohydrates and high in fiber, protein and healthy fats can help regulate blood glucose levels. Physical activity is also important as it allows our body to use glucose effectively by increasing insulin sensitivity. Additionally, stress management such as mindfulness meditation, deep breathing techniques, and yoga can help regulate cortisol levels, which is a hormone responsible for increasing blood glucose levels.

Medication

Medication is also crucial in managing diabetes mellitus type 2. There are various medications that can help regulate blood glucose levels such as Metformin, Sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors. These medications work by decreasing insulin resistance or increasing insulin secretion, which helps regulate blood glucose levels. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication.

In conclusion, managing diabetes mellitus type 2 is crucial to prevent complications and improve quality of life. A healthy lifestyle along with medication can help regulate blood glucose levels. It is important to understand the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 2 to combat this disease effectively.

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